My garage is insulated but not heated and is subject to freezing. I have enough elevation difference between the house and garage that I could install hot and cold hose spigots in the garage from the basement and fit a utility tub underneath. My concern is the drain trap for the tub would be susceptible to freezing.
I can see three options. First would be heat tape on the drain, but I think that would probably cause the trap to dry up and I'd have sewer gasses in the garage.
The second option is to offset the trap from directly under the tub to behind it enough for it to be in the basement. This smacks of being a running trap, though, and is probably not code allowed.
The last option is to not plumb in a trap at all, and instead of hooking the tub up to the sewer system directly instead run the drain into a tub in the basement. Since it wouldn't actually be plumbed into the system I think it would be fine except for the air leak issue that a drain plug should take care of.
I'm leaning towards option three but am I overlooking something?
So, attached garage, I presume. I doubt the thickness of the wall would be enough to cause trouble if you put the trap in the basement, as long as you are tying into something with a vent reasonably nearby. The drain into another basin would certainly work, but it sound potentially messy and unfinished looking.
I presume you know your water supply would need frostless spigots, too.

Right, attached garage, and I have an extra hot/cold dual spigot leftover from the hot tub install on the back patio.
SVreX
MegaDork
10/15/16 11:38 a.m.
The indirect drain into a tub in the basement should work fine.
SVreX
MegaDork
10/15/16 11:47 a.m.
Here's a 4th option...
Depending on usage, you may be able to drain into a micro leach tub.
In my own shop, I am too far to tie into the septic tank. I only use the sink it for hand washing and occasional paint brushes.
I built a mini leach tank with a 5 gal bucket with holes drilled in it full of gravel. The sink dumps into the bucket (which is buried), and leaches into the ground. I put a Tee inline with a shutoff valve. If I am doing something I don't want to dump into the soil, I flip the valve and dump into a 2nd above-ground 5 gallon bucket, which I then dispose of properly.
It has functioned flawlessly for about 10 years, and never backed up, flooded, etc.
It's technically probably not legal, but certainly meets the intent of the law.
Woody
MegaDork
10/15/16 7:18 p.m.
I have an unheated insulated attached garage that still gets really, really cold in the winter. I have my sink mounted to an outside wall with the supply lines, trap and drain running along the house wall where they go into the basement. There's at least five feet of exposed plumbing. I don't use heat tape, just foam insulation. I'm not home right now, but I don't think that the trap is insulated at all. If the trap freezes, it should just expand upward toward the sink. It's been fifteen years and I've never had a problem.
I do have quarter turn shutoffs inside the basement for the supply lines and I shut them off and open the sink taps when it gets really cold. I like quarter turn valves because you can just look at them and know if they are on or off. Frost free valves wouldn't really work for my layout.
I don't have a great photo of it but you can see the plumbing to the left of my sink hiding behind the black foam insulation here:

Plumb with PEX and the supply shouldn't burst. If you're not using the sink in the winter just put a couple of cups of RV antifreeze in there and it will protect the trap down to negative double digits.
Heat it with one of these on the line.

Either carry everything into the basement and install a drum trap instead of a P trap, or box in underneath and put a 40 watt incandescent light bulb under there. We use 100 Watt bulbs and lots of foam insulation to keep pump houses from freezing up. They make things that give off a warning sound when temps drop below a preset level.