The main difference I found is most Canadian rights are held by the people as a group. What is good for the group is more important that what is good for the individual. The US Constitution on the other hand concerns the rights of the individual.
In a nutshell, this is the difference between Europe and the US and from this particular perspective, Canada is much closer to the European model.
The French Revolution is often compared to the US Revolution as establishing the modern political enviornment of the "West". And there are many similarites.
But the differences are actually huge... and underscore the differences that we're discussing here today.
The French Revolution was to assert the rights of the people (as a society) over their sovereign. I don't want to undersell the value of the French Revoution... it was indeed highly significant and absolutely crucial in bring Europe into the modern age.
But with the rights held by the "people", it naturally follows that the "people" determine what is best for society as a whole, a philosophical environment that is not incapatible with the concept of socialism. When combined with the long shared history of a parternalistic soveriegn results in the ready acceptance of an activist Government (as well as being more prone to turn over significant power to charismatic leaders, especially in times of perceived crisis).
The American Revolution, on the other hard, was almost unique in history in establishing the concept of natural individual rights... rights which cannot be granted by a Government, only recognized. (The 1320 Declaration of Arbroath made similar assertions, just not as clearly.)
Philosophically, this belief in indivdual rights establishes the rights of the inidivdual not only over their sovereign, but over the "people" as well... not allowing the "people" to usurp these rights even if by democratic means.
The Founders strictly limited the power of the Federal Government to infringe on individiual rights (and to that end necessarily limited Federal Government functions)
Obviously there are additional functions desirable of Government, but these were reserved for state governments, where the people whose rights were being infringed upon in order to provide those services could demand more direct accountability.
The Founders could not have envisioned that their Constitution would simply be ignored when convenient in order to allow popular Federal programs to be formed... which has led to the now virtually unlimited expansion and power of the Federal Government.
(Though it can be argued that failing to allow states to seceed was the first overreaching Federal action, the first clear step to socialism was the New Deal program. FDR threatened the SCOTUS that if they didn't ratify his New Deal as constitituonal, he would expand the number of justices and pack the court with juctices that he could control... so in the end under duress they found much of the New Deal program constitutionally acceptable under the Interstate Commerce clause. Not conidentnally, guess what Constitutional authority Congress is citing for the health Care bill? If you actually read the clause... and the intentions of the clause... it's easy to see how inapplicable it is in both cases.)